European Repository of Cyber Incidents (EuRepoC)

Cyber attacks against states, ransomware paralysing hospitals, espionage against civil society organisations — cyber attacks have become ubiquitous. Their aim: to sabotage, blackmail, harm and spy on states, companies and private individuals.

But who is behind them? What political motives and agendas drive their actions? Are they linked to governments? And what measures should the European Union take to effectively counter such attacks?

The European Repository of Cyber Incidents (EuRepoC) has been dealing with these and other questions since November 2022. The goal of this politically independent research consortium, comprising the University of Heidelberg, the University of Innsbruck, the Cyber Policy Institute and the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP), is to provide up-to-date information, data and analyses on cyber attacks in order to raise awareness and understanding of cyber security threats.

Open-access database and dashboard

At the heart of the project is a freely accessible database in which cyber attacks relevant to foreign and security policy are continuously and systematically recorded worldwide. To date, the EuRepoC database provides information on more than 4,000 cyber incidents. For this purpose, the data is subjected to multi-level coding and assigned to 60 different categories – according to political, legal and technical criteria. The data sets are continuously expanded, freely accessible and downloadable. An interactive dashboard allows users to compare the implications of and reactions to individual incidents and to identify trends (see explanatory video).

In addition, the findings from the project are used for academic articles and workshops. To maintain the highest scientific standards, all publications produced by the project are subjected to a rigorous internal peer review process.

The EuRepoC dashboard

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SWP Publications of the EuRepoC Project

- Annegret Bendiek
- Mika Kerttunen
Enhancing EU-NATO Cooperation in Preparedness and Critical Infrastructure Protection

Research Division EU/Europe, Working Paper Nr. 06/2025, June 2025, 15 pages
- Download (PDF) | 623 KB
- Jakob Bund
- Annegret Bendiek
- Jonas Hemmelskamp
Cyber Activity Balance 2024: The European Union in Focus
- German
Research Division EU/Europe, Working Paper Nr. 03/2025, February 2025, 11 Pages
- Download (PDF) | 662 KB
- Annegret Bendiek
- Jakob Bund
Learning to live with the threat? Understanding Europe’s cyber defense approach

Political espionage, ransomware paralysing hospitals, surveillance software targeting civil society organisations – cyber threats are omnipresent. Annegret Bendiek and Jakob Bund are talking about increasingly sophisticated threats and the challenges of effective responses to cyber attacks. Host: Esme Nicholson.

SWP Podcast 2023/eP 03, 28.09.2023
- Download | 22.2 MB
- Annegret Bendiek
- Jakob Bund
Shifting Paradigms in Europe’s Approach to Cyber Defence
- German
Ambitions to Disrupt Malicious Cyber Activity Need to Protect Norms as Well as Networks

SWP Comment 2023/C 48, 25.09.2023, 8 Pages

doi:10.18449/2023C48
Mika Kerttunen

The Absolute Ideal: Military Cyber Capabilities in War and Society

Working Paper Research Division EU/Europe 2023/Nr. 03, June 2023, 55 Pages
- Download (PDF) | 1.5 MB
- Matthias Schulze
- Mika Kerttunen
Cyber Operations in Russia’s War against Ukraine

Uses, limitations, and lessons learned so far

SWP Comment 2023/C 23, 17.04.2023, 8 Pages

doi:10.18449/2023C23

Project Team

The team consists of researchers from the University of Heidelberg (Germany), the University of Innsbruck (Austria), Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (Germany) and the Cyber Policy Institute (Estonia). It is an interdisciplinary European project that combines information sciences with social sciences and law.

University of Heidelberg, Institute for Political Science (Consortium Lead)

Prof. Dr. Sebastian Harnisch, Professor of International Relations and Foreign Policy

Lena Rottinger, Researcher

Jonas Hemmelskamp, Chief Data Analyst

University of Innsbruck, Department of Legal Theory and Future of Law

Prof. Matthias C. Kettemann, LL.M. (Harvard), Professor of Innovation, Theory and Philosophy of Law

Cyber Policy Institute

Mika Kerttunen, Director of the Cyber Policy Institute

German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP)

PD Dr. habil. Annegret Bendiek, Senior Fellow in the EU/Europe Research Division

Callahan Shelley, Researcher in the EU/Europe Research Division

Erik Kellenter, Student Assistant for the EuRepoC project

Johanna Flach, Research Assistant in the EU/Europe Research Division

Funding

Since March 2022, the project has been funded by the Coordination Group for Cyber Foreign Policy at the German Foreign Office and by the International Staff at NATO.